protocol stack diagramshinedown attention attention
FC-4 Upper Layer Protocol: FC-4 is the uppermost layer in the FCP stack. a process running on a host. With more than 2 000 pre-designed … The bearers that are used by the WAP protocol stack form the lower interface of the datagram service and allow the WAP to be used for various network types with specific bearer functions. datagram has received the final destination. The protocol stack or network stack is an implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family. solutions have advantages and disadvantages. receives a UDP datagram it takes the UDP header and creates a new For an IP bearer, the transport protocol (WDP) is implemented by User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
established when the first segment reaches the server. The basic unit of data exchange in the IP layer is the Internet
at as expanding the state machine of one transaction to also include Below is a more ellaborated diagram of E-UTRAN Protocol Stack:Physical Layer carries all information from the MAC transport channels over the air interface. UDDI and WSDL to complete the connection between applications.The physical network layer includes an intranet, extranet, or the Internet, with one at the base of the connection between an application and a UDDI server. As you can see in Figure 1-4, there is a Physical layer that includes the hardware and that is separate from the software layers above.
The physical layer is the protocol’s interface to the real world. However, the T/RCP CC numbers gives a unique identification of each
header, that is the minimum value of LENGTH is 8 bytes. A protocol suit consists of a layered architecture where each layer depicts some functionality which can be carried out by a protocol. Takes care of the link adaptation (AMC), power control, cell search (for initial synchronization and handover purposes) and other measurements (inside the LTE system and between systems) for the RRC layer.MAC layer is responsible for Mapping between logical channels and transport channels, Multiplexing of MAC SDUs from one or different logical channels onto transport blocks (TB) to be delivered to the physical layer on transport channels, de multiplexing of MAC SDUs from one or different logical channels from transport blocks (TB) delivered from the physical layer on transport channels, Scheduling information reporting, Error correction through HARQ, Priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling, Priority handling between logical channels of one UE, Logical Channel prioritization.RLC operates in 3 modes of operation: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM).RLC Layer is responsible for transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ (Only for AM data transfer), Concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs (Only for UM and AM data transfer).RLC is also responsible for re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs (Only for AM data transfer), reordering of RLC data PDUs (Only for UM and AM data transfer), duplicate detection (Only for UM and AM data transfer), RLC SDU discard (Only for UM and AM data transfer), RLC re-establishment, and protocol error detection (Only for AM data transfer).The main services and functions of the RRC sublayer include broadcast of System Information related to the non-access stratum (NAS), broadcast of System Information related to the access stratum (AS), Paging, establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and E-UTRAN, Security functions including key management, establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of point to point Radio Bearers.PDCP Layer is responsible for Header compression and decompression of IP data, Transfer of data (user plane or control plane), Maintenance of PDCP Sequence Numbers (SNs), In-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs at re-establishment of lower layers, Duplicate elimination of lower layer SDUs at re-establishment of lower layers for radio bearers mapped on RLC AM, Ciphering and deciphering of user plane data and control plane data, Integrity protection and integrity verification of control plane data, Timer based discard, duplicate discarding, PDCP is used for SRBs and DRBs mapped on DCCH and DTCH type of logical channels.The non-access stratum (NAS) protocols form the highest stratum of the control plane between the user equipment (UE) and MME.NAS protocols support the mobility of the UE and the session management procedures to establish and maintain IP connectivity between the UE and a PDN GW. As indicated in the When a host The physical layer. The TCP connection initiations from causing confusion. 4.5 Conclusions. Replacing protocol in TCP/IP is not easy.
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